As the warmer weather approaches, all pet owners should be aware of the possibility of heat stroke. Heat stroke, also referred to as hyperthermia or heat exhaustion, is defined as an increase in body temperature caused by environmental conditions (typically heat and humidity). In the Maritimes, heat stroke can catch owners by surprise, as we have dramatic changes in weather patterns from one day to the next. Your pet’s body temperature normally ranges between 37-39°C. Any time the body temperature rises above 40°C a true emergency exists. Heat stroke can come on quickly, be life threatening and immediate medical attention is required.
Some animals are at higher risk for heat stroke than others, these pets include:
- Overweight or obese pets
- Pets with underlying diseases that affect their airways (asthma, bronchitis, collapsing trachea, heart disease, etc.)
- Short nose or brachycephalic breeds (Boston Terriers, English Bulldogs, French Bulldogs, Pekingese, Pugs, Lhasa Apso’s, any of the flat faced cats, etc.)
- Puppies/kittens and senior pets
- Dark-colored pets and those with long or thick hair exposed to direct sunlight
The signs of heat stroke vary in severity. Initially the pet will act distressed, pant excessively and may be restless. Afterwards, they may begin to drool excessively and fluid from the nose may be apparent. In the later stages of heat stroke, the pet will become unsteady on their feet and changes to the color of their gums and tongue may be visible (bright red or blue/purple caused by lack of oxygen).
How to prevent heat stroke
Be sure all your pets have a cool place in your home with access to fresh water. A fan is ideal during the hottest months. It is preferable to do walks with your dog first thing in the morning or later in the evenings. A walking route with shade is ideal. Always have fresh water accessible and be mindful of the temperature and humidity each day. Also, be aware that dogs can often be having so much fun performing a certain activity that they are unaware of their own overheating. This is particularly true of high-energy, ball-motivated breeds such as golden retrievers and Labrador retrievers. If you are doing errands, the safest place for your pet is AT HOME. Regardless of the temperature outside, research has shown that the temperature inside a vehicle can easily rise by 4°C within an hour on cooler days.
What TO DO if you pet has heat stroke
- Immediately place pet in a cool and shaded place, ideally with a fan present.
- If possible, obtain a rectal temperature.
Begin to cool your pet by placing wet/cool towels on their body (focusing on the back of neck, armpits, and groin areas). - Cool tap water is sufficient.
Ear flaps and paws can also be cooled with water. - Contact and prepare to head to your nearest veterinary hospital ASAP.
What to AVOID
- Be mindful not to overcool your pet. Cooling should be discontinued between 39.2-39.4°C, as you make your way to the veterinary hospital.
- Do not force water into the pet’s mouth.
- The pet should be supervised at all times.
It is critical that a pet suffering from heat stroke should be seen by a veterinarian as soon as possible. Cooling down the body temperature alone is not sufficient for a pet to make a full recovery. When a pet is overheated all the internal organs are affected and the complications from these events can be life threatening.
It is critical that a pet suffering from heat stroke should be seen by a veterinarian as soon as possible. Cooling down the body temperature alone is not sufficient for a pet to make a full recovery. When a pet is overheated all the internal organs are affected and the complications from these events can be life threatening.